Showing posts with label Climate. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Climate. Show all posts

03 May 2019

Important Infrastructure Projects

Here is my suggested list infrastructure projects that will prevent tens of thousands of needless deaths, and hundreds of billions in public and private property damages, and prepare for the impacts from non-human caused climate changes.

1. Replace all on-grade railroad crossings with over/under passes, so that no trains or vehicles ever have to stop for each other again.

2. Improve large scale fresh water collection, treatment and low evaporation long-term storage. 

As the sun continues to grow hotter toward eventual super nova, the liquid surface water zone will move passed the Earth.  All surface water will vaporize into the atmosphere leaving no lakes, rivers, or oceans anywhere, only deep under ground aquifers or huge carefully constructed structures preventing evaporation will contain any water, including salt or contaminated water.

3. Vastly increase electrical generation capacity and decentralization, especially increase non-hydrocarbon fuel generation, by nuclear and chemical fuel cells. 

As Sun activity continues to increase, much more robust air conditioning and much larger and more robust super refrigeration for food storage and long-term preservation will be essential for any continued human habitation on Earth. 

4. Actually put all electrical power generation, storage and distribution in underground conduits, tunnels and caverns.

5. Actually perform long overdue repair and replacement of roads, bridges, airports and harbors.

6. Actually provide high speed Internet access to all US citizens and legal aliens.  

24 February 2019

USA's Biggest Problem

Ignorance!

It's startling to see how ignorant our nation's people, old and young, have become in just 60 years.

History, culture, finance, economics, health, general knowledge, simple science, renewable v  sustainable energy,  climate change, common sense, forethought, politics, courtesy and human dignity, understanding, open-mindedness, wisdom, analytical evaluation, thoroughness, thoughtfulness, intellectual inquiry have all suffered badly or declined to the point of absurdity.

Here are a few summaries of many recent examples:

First, in the recent national mid-term elections, voters elected an alarming number of avowed socialists.  Apparently, not realizing that their programs and policies will raise the prices of everything that touches their daily needs and wants, i.e. food, housing, transport, clothing, medicine and care, all services, entertainment, travel, and everything else.  Plus, halt innovation, constrict supply and resupply, and curtail the variety and volume of goods and services available.

Increases of unnecessary national regulations, and repressive taxation made necessary by aggressive interference and massive over spending of a larger more dictatorial National Government should be permanently avoided.

Our Federal Government repeatedly spends way more than its likely revenue.

This must cease immediately, it's idiotic.  Thousands, maybe tens of thousands of programs and policies, do not require any National Government involvement, nor have any of them been successful by any measure.

I challenge anyone to name one thing, not specifically enumerated in our Constitution, and produce evidence that it has been accomplished better, faster or cheaper by the US Government.  None are efficient, most are not even effective, all are fiscally irresponsible, many are completely irrational.

Next, climate change.  Its true Earth is a planet of dramatic climate changes.  A few hundred million years ago, Earth was an ice ball.  Since its inception our sun has grown hotter and hotter on its way to eventual super nova in a few billion years.  In 10 to 12 million years Earth will pass out of the liquid water zone, no liquid water on the surface of the planet.  Before that occurs, humans will have moved on in large numbers.  Increasing volcanic activity will make it more and more inhospitable long before then. In a few million years solar and volcanic activity will demonstrate that humans are powerless to effect either in any noticeable way.

The senseless gnashing of teeth and the wasting of billions of dollars will yield no noticeable effects upon the rate of climate change.  In the mean time we should focus on trying not to disrupt normal atmospheric physics and chemistry.  Before you limit carbon by sequester, remember this planets life forms are nearly all carbon based, just saying.

Humans and all their activities just aren't that significant.

Next, Renewable and sustainable energy.  I guess most people are confused, at least partially, by the time frame.  Relative to astrophysical processes, human life span and written human history are infinitesimally small bits of time.  Even data from a few scientifically discernible events and historical conditions are minimal and sketchy when older than a few million years.

My point is, over astronomical periods of time all energy ever used or currently known of by humans, is renewable.  New natural gas, oil and coal are currently being recreated under swamps, in the tundra, under the the seas, in river deltas, and everywhere huge deposits of organic materials are decaying under pressure.  Huge quantities of methane (natural gas) escape to our atmosphere day and night world wide from the land, seas, lakes, tundra, and volcanic eruptions without any human activity.

These familiar organic energy sources should be ready very soon, less than a couple hundred thousand years.

If capture and collection technologies continue improving at historical rates, abundant reasonably priced energies, including discoveries of new sources and types, will be readily available for tens of thousands of Earth years.

Incidentally, sustainability can also be assured by the chemical manufacture of any fuels we may need, and in vast quantities unimaginable by today's standards.  Including chemical, radiation, and magnetic energies currently in use; known, but not in use; and not yet discovered.  We can also make water, which will become more and more scarce, very expensive, and much sooner than energy.

Two hundred years ago we had not figured out how to use electricity.

One hundred years ago no one could imagine using radioactivity safely.

Fifty years ago no one had heard of black holes, neutrinos, or quasar waves.

A few years ago several new light and energy spectra were detected apparently being emitted by our sun.  Today, we still know very little of their potential usefulness.

Next, protests, demonstrations and community activism.  Some simple suggestions are in order:

Once you attract the attention of the appropriate media; have an articulate spokesperson ready to describe the problem you believe needs correction.  And, make sure the terms you are using have definitions, if not, provide one.  Social Justice, I still can't find a rational definition anywhere.  There are lots of circular logic sociology babble, but none are intellectually usable.

Then, present a solution you're willing to discuss in public civilly with opponents, if any exist.

Then, be an active participant in bringing about useful changes.

State the problem, suggest a solution, work to make it happen.

I think the problem might be called Social Injustice, however that might be defined.  The solution might be called Social Justice, carefully and logically defined.  As long as the solution isn't kill police officers, or demonize them just because of their uniforms and jobs, or make them stop questioning and arresting suspected criminals; or take all the money from anyone who has saved some, and give it to anyone who says they don't have any.

Otherwise, all the work of attracting attention has been wasted; except for those who just wanted to be seen on TV and in Social Media acting like they want to help, just to get some shallow notoriety.

Finally, personal finances, home economics, common sense, and forethought.  Incidentally, we used to teach these subjects in schools.

When did it become acceptable to spend money (cash) you don't have, or you're uncertain you ever will have by a specific future time (credit cards)?  Apparently, there is misinformation widely believed that nothing will happen to you if you don't pay what you owe.  Wrong, pain and misery will always accompany your poor choice to spend money you can't or won't pay back when due.  The misery from a single episode can last a few decades up to a lifetime.

Budgeting, accounting, frugal/not wasteful spending are all essential and critical.  Choose wisely, be conservative, spend less than you make.  It's called savings.  Why?, things happen, unexpected things go wrong.  Work toward emergency savings equal to six months of living expenses, some of which can be used for the unexpected, like vehicle repairs, short term illness, lay-offs or lost jobs.

Save separately for predictable yearly expenses.  Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries come every year, be ready for their costs.  Vehicle licenses, insurance and maintenance; home and appliance maintenance, health care, pet care; and filters plug up and things wear out.  Think ahead, many future expenses are certain, maybe not entirely predictable, but sure to occur.  "Be prepared" incidentally, it's the Boy Scout motto.

Forethought, you don't have to think ahead trying to anticipate events good or bad, but you should.  The difference between choosing poorly and choosing wisely, is a lot of pain and misery; maybe for the rest of your life.

Choose wisely!



29 March 2018

Preparing for Climate Change, not fighting it

In this Solar system, Earth is certainly a planet of Climate Change.  
During its history our planet has undergone many rapid and robust
climate changes.

Historically, and currently our sun gets hotter and hotter on its way
to eventual Supernova. The sun is the primary source of energy
and heat on earth.  Earth's orbit is in the zone where water can
normally be a liquid, not always vapor, not always solid ice.  
The Liquid Water Zone is moving away from the sun as it grows
hotter. I’m told we are about 60% away from the very cold
always frozen boundary, and 40% from the too hot, no liquid
water on the surface boundary.


Physical proximity and solar chemistry realities mean; in a few
billion years no liquid water on this planet's surface, and not
much else anyone would recognize.


That means there is little if anything mankind can do about
persistent warming.


The next most important source of heat and energy on this
planet is it's molten core and tidal forces from our beautiful
singular moon.


Volcanic eruptions spew heat, various gases, pyroclastic
ash and debris, and molten lava heat blobs and ribbons
onto land, under seas and under ice fields in about 20
places, plus or minus a few, around the world day and night.  
Thanks to our moon’s tidal forces on earth’s crust and core,
our molten core and its related products can always find
their way to the surface and into the atmosphere.


I can’t imagine anyway the inept, incompetent and
uncooperative creatures on this planet could do
anything to change planetary, solar, or cosmic physics.


What should humans be doing?


First, stop thinking we collectively or individually, can
do any perceptible thing about the powerful planetary
and solar forces of the cosmos.


Next, make plans and conserve resources needed to
avoid the effects of climate changes.  Like; changes
in food growing regions, increased energy generation
for food distribution and long-term storage and much
greater habitation air conditioning; more energy for
making and moving clean water to widely dispersed
human populations.  

Enormous infrastructure needs will increase
dramatically as people migrate toward polar regions
to avoid insect borne diseases and low nutrient foods
as the Tropic and Subtropic regions grow wider and
hotter. Waste handling and treatment, crowd control,
policing and punishment; medical treatment and its
training, facilities and equipment must expand
exponentially in new regions with many new demands.

Next, some new social systems; nothing like the weak
ineffectual national and world systems of today.
Reliable and sustainable for millennia; in some
incorruptible organizational way to assure that wealth
is conserved, set aside, safe guarded carefully,
and wisely disbursed to accomplish the gigantic
projects and programs needed to sustains human
population in the late stages of mankind on this planet.


This planet will get hotter each millennium, regardless
of what human populations do or do not do in their
imaginary fight with the global climate.


The only logical effort is preparation for cataclysmic
impacts; opposing cosmic forces by tinkering with
climate manifestations is wasteful, ignorant and futile.


Save for, and be prepared to, make massive
adjustment as changing climates and their
advantages and penalties will certainly impact the
unprepared and immobile very harshly.  


Be prepared to move toward polar regions and
away from sea level coastal regions.


Humans vs Solar Physics; who are the easy winners?
Solar Radiation and Gravitational Forces.

Humans are not powerful or knowledgeable enough to manipulate the sun, the moon, our molten core or the chemistry of our atmosphere.

Don't pick fights with cosmic forces we barely understand and can't effect!

25 February 2015

Climate Change Questions

Many Unanswered

Yes, the history of this planet shows constant climate changes, some very quickly and cataclysmic for previously existing lifeforms.

I believe our sun will grow hotter and hotter on its way to eventual super nova, but I cannot find how quickly it's getting hotter.


I am quite troubled by the data I can access regarding Global Average Temperatures.  I would like to find annual average air temperatures; highs, lows and means, collected at various altitudes from reference points representing the geographical distributions of water and land, using reliable calibrated instruments and standard procedures; collected reliably over at least 100 years.  All I seem to find is manipulated data, no raw data, no collection points, no representation rational.


I wonder why we don’t use all meaningful data points; we have the computational capacity to average all?  


The data might not illustrate their points as compellingly as their beliefs .


Question 1.  When and where were the first reliable worldwide near ground or near sea surface air temperature readings collected with correct procedure, instrumentation and documentation?


Question 2.  When were the first International Standards for calibration and measurement of near surface air temperatures created and agreed to?


Question 3.  How many sample points are routinely collected now; how many were also sampled routinely in 1900, 1800, 1700 or earlier?


Question 4.  How are globally representative sample locations chosen?  (geography, population demographics, random lat/long, 70% over water 30% over land, and how is bias avoided)


I’ve read many studies and summary reports of studies since 1989.  I reviewed and commented on about 140 of the better reputedly scientific Global Warming and Climate Change studies for my employers over more than 30 years, retired since 2008.  Most did not exhibit much conventional scientific method, many did not use raw unmanipulated data or rationale for chosen/excluded/averaged data extrapolations.  Less than 40 studies adhered to conventional scientific method, explained rational data point choices and methods, or drew conclusions supported by the data presented.  Many had clearly manipulated data to support their desired conclusions.


Solar Radiance Output:


Question 5.  What method is used to determine energy output changes from the Sun adjusted for the Solar Activity Cycles?


Question 6.  For how many years do we have reliable measurements of various solar radiation components reaching earth?


Question 7.  At what rate have they increased or decreased?


It matters because our sun is the primary source of atmospheric heat on earth.  


Geothermal Input
I believe the next most important source of earth's atmospheric warming is geothermal escape from earth’s core and crust; magma, gas, ash and lava, venting and eruptions.


Question 8.  What percentage of global atmospheric temperature comes from geothermal contributions?


Question 9.  Has its influence lessened, increased or stayed the same for the past 100, 1,000 or 10,000 years?


Question 10.  By what measurement methods was that determined?


Question 11.  Has core magma average temperature changed measurably the past 100, 1,000 or 10,000 years?


Question 12.  Determined by what method?


Question 13.  Excluding human activities (life, industry, food production, wastes, etc.) what are the other life forms and their atmospheric temperature contributions?


And finally, human life contributions which I believe have been severely exaggerated in relative importance when compared to natural astrophysical (sun), geophysical (earth), and atmospheric (air/water vapor) physics and chemistry processes, known and unknown.


Question 14.  What percentage of near surface atmospheric heat can be attributed to human life and all of its associated needs?


I believe the sun has grown hotter and will continue, as predicted, to slowly grow hotter for billions of years until supernova.   I think magma and volcanic activity will rise and recede following peak solar cycle outputs; slowly increasing with solar output.  I think human and all other life form's contributions will remain stable, insignificant, independent of the earth’s carrying capacity, and not positively impacted by any human efforts at unnatural atmospheric or climatic interference.

Don’t pick fights using artificial methods with natural processes you don’t understand well!    

03 January 2010

Good Things

About Global Warming

With all the exaggerated claims of impending doom from global warming, I thought I might mention a few good things likely to occur if the planet warms noticeably.

Incidentally, wouldn’t it be interesting to discover that increased atmospheric greenhouse gases are caused by global warming from solar and geothermal sources; instead of greenhouse gases causing global warming

First, cold weather winter mortality rates are much higher than summer, so something about cold weather is more stressful to humans than hot. Make plans and provisions for both cooling and warming. One thing is obvious from earth’s history, climate changes will occur.

More atmospheric heat should accelerate the hydrologic cycle increasing potential rainfall everywhere, noticeably in arid and desert areas, increasing crop variety and yields worldwide. Increased rainfall will bring more abundant fresh water to all locations, oddly meaningful to arid polar regions that receive little annual precipitation. It will also speed up icecap melt contributing to coastal flooding, but much of it will evaporate increasing worldwide relative humidity, rainfall, and eventually fuller and new terrestrial rivers and lakes, and more abundant hydro-electric power.

During earths ancient history the atmosphere has had many times the current levels of green house gases. During the Jurassic period about eight times current levels, with planet wide temperatures perhaps 50 F degrees higher than today, with prolific plant, insect and animal life, although long before humans.

Increased carbon dioxide will fertilize rapid plant and crop growth feeding many more of the worlds starving people and covering barren landscapes helping to moderate higher temperatures. Increased insects will pollinate many more plants; bees should thrive and animals that eat insects will do well. Larger populations of self pollinating plants will thrive and evolve quickly; bad for the allergic, but, good for the hungry.

A greater variety of plant nutrition will be more widely available in larger quantity with less distribution cost with many plants, animals and insects ranging much farther and migrating much closer to the poles than anytime in recorded human history.

Human activity in colder climates is less economically efficient and infrastructure construction and maintenance are more costly. Clothing, food, housing and transportation are all more expensive in colder climates. Cooling occupyied spaces and pest control will be more expensive, as will the control of warm weather parasites and diseases.

So what is so bad about moderate global warming?

Mostly, businesses and governments can’t control it and therefore will find it more difficult to adopt quickly to tax and profit from it. The kinds of power and oppression that use the artificial scarcity of food, clothing, housing, health and security will be lost to dictators and despots, and they will have to resort to more outright violence and vulgar manipulations in plain view.

A person will be able to accumulate resources and wealth, replace ignorance, clamor toward freedom, and throw off the yoke of oppression and excessive taxation once again.

28 April 2009

Non-human Causes

Global Climate Changes

Preparations for both climate extremes should be made immediately. Climate changes will occur. Many life altering climate changes have occurred in human history. Ice ages and warm periods are recorded in written human histories and recent scientific discoveries.

Fighting against inevitable climate changes by attempting to manipulate weather is an enormous mistake, very risky to human survival, and a huge waste of precious resources.

Minimizing waste, reducing air pollution, developing alternative energy sources should be undertaking as a normal course of business, not in some exaggerated flailing of a life or death emergency. The actions and policies that will be useful will be revealed by the light of time and testing, and thought, not by the heat of hyper activity.

A global warming hoax is being deliberately perpetrated on world’s people and their governments by people and organizations interested primarily in seizing unearned power and wealth. Much more stress to human existence accompanies ice ages than warming periods.

I have reviewed about 400 scientific papers by atmospheric scientists and paleo-climatologists and find neither conclusive evidence of human caused global warming nor any scientific conformation that anything other that solar cycle forcing is occurring. Recent climate readings by NASA, NOAA, and many academic studies indicate very little if any global temperature change in natural environments in the last 100 years. Very recently, detectable declines in air and ocean temperatures have been reported at many places with valid temperature histories worldwide.

When adjustments are made for cyclic variations in earth’s orbit (Milankovitch Cycles) around the sun , sun energy output, earth’s heat and greenhouse gas cause or effect confusion, and from volcanic heat and greenhouse gas activity, it appears that cooling has been underway for several years. It appears that all human activities contribute little (<3%) greenhouse gases and heat relative to natural geophysical or astrophysical causes.

How can this be given the overwhelming affirmations seen on television, in print news and badly made and poorly scripted movies and their publicity?

Most exaggeration and over reaction on this subject is due to human nature and tendencies for political opportunism, clever charlatans, ignorant and easily manipulated press, abundant government and academic research funds, and a poorly educated and easily frightened world population.

If people and their governments want to do something useful, they should plan and act in ways that conserve, produce and sequester products, facilities, services, training and goods that will be needed as climate extremes develop. Where governments, non-government organizations and individuals could be useful would be actually constructing, conserving and provisioning in preparation for true climate emergencies, not wringing their hands or vowing to fight the weather.